Akt substrate of 160 kDa (called AS160 or TBC1D4) and TBC1D1, Rab GTPase-activating proteins that regulate glucose transport, become phosphorylated with exercise or insulin stimulation. Evidence suggests that this convergence may prove to be imperfect, and each stimulus will produce a unique phosphosignature, providing a plausible mechanism for their apparently unique and overlapping roles in exercise- and insulin-stimulated glucose transport.